The search for planets around other stars

    The first planet outside the solar system has planets orbiting stars 51Peg in the constellation Pegasus. In fact, the planet of the star 51Peg was discovered in 1994 but officially announced it until autumn next year. Reports on the discovery of planets to appear before, during almost the entire second half of the twentieth century, but has consistently denied. In addition to the astrometry and the researchers considered other possible methods for quest planets. In surveys of 80-ies of XX century, a well-founded assessment cited of capabilities and methods of radial velocity observations of extra solar planetary bodies in the optical and infrared ranges. Photometric method of direct registration of extra solar planets by reflected light in the 1970 - 1990-ies are being discussed by many researchers. The author of one of his works in 1986 examined the feasibility of such registration, the planets, based on the most-most limits of technical possibilities. It was believed that a planetary system like our solar observed from a distance of 5 pc. The ratio of light reflected by the planet to the sun light is very small and is for Venus and Jupiter, one-billionth, and the Earth still is four times smaller. Technical complexity of the method of direct registration was the cause of the skeptical attitude toward it. Theoretically, the big benefits of using the radiometric method, which differs from the photometric wavelength range only. The focus here is to use the features of a Planck curve of blackbody radiation. Contrary to expectations, first extra solar planetary system was not detected in normal stars and the pulsar (neutron star). Apparently, the pulsar planets are very exotic education. They are exposed to intense fluxes of electrons, positrons and gamma rays, occasionally falling on the planet with a specified period. The number of extra planets discovered more than two hundred. Almost all of them found the same very complicated method, which, without going into details, it is still possible to explain simply. All the stars are involved in the rotation of the Galaxy. But along with that every star has its own, random velocity, which relative to the sun can reach several tens of kilometers per second. If the star is approaching the observer or is removed, there is a Doppler effect when the light waves as it is compressed or stretched along the beam, shifting the entire spectrum of the star in the blue or the red side, respectively. Measurement of the displacement of lines in the spectrum allows us to determine the radial (radial) velocity of the stars.